Establishment of the Republic
1952 AD – 1970 ADFollowing the 1952 Revolution, Egypt transitioned from a Monarchy to a Republic. This era was defined by the charismatic leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Pan-Arab nationalism, and major industrialization projects like the High Dam.
Presidents & Key Figures
| Leader | Term | Key Events | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Naguib | 1953 – 1954 | First President of the Republic of Egypt. | Read More |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | 1954 – 1970 | Nationalized Suez Canal; 1956 Suez Crisis; Industrialization. | Read More |
| Aswan High Dam | 1960 - 1970 | A monumental engineering feat regulating the Nile, preventing floods, and generating electricity. | Read More |
The Era of War and Peace
1970 AD – 1981 ADUnder President Anwar El-Sadat, Egypt shifted its alliances and economic policies via the "Infitah" (Open Door Policy). The defining moment was the 1973 October War victory, which paved the way for the restoration of Sinai.
The Sadat Era & October Victory
| Leader/Event | Term/Date | Key Events | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anwar El-Sadat | 1970 – 1981 | Hero of War and Peace; Camp David Accords; Economic Infitah. | Read More |
| October War Victory | 6 Oct 1973 | Crossing the Bar Lev Line; Restoring Sinai and national dignity. | Read More |
| Economic Infitah | 1974 - 1981 | Opening Egypt's economy to private investment and foreign capital. | Read More |
Stability & Transition
1981 AD – 2014 ADThe longest presidency in the republic's history under Hosni Mubarak, followed by a turbulent period of revolutions (25 Jan & 30 June) and democratic transitions.
Mubarak & The Revolution Era
| Leader/Event | Term | Key Events | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hosni Mubarak | 1981 – 2011 | Infrastructure growth; Resigned following the 25 Jan Revolution. | Read More |
| 25 January Revolution | 2011 | Mass protests ending Mubarak's 30-year rule; demand for "Bread, Freedom, Social Justice". | Read More |
| SCAF (Tantawi) | 2011 – 2012 | Military council ruled during the transitional period. | Read More |
| Mohamed Morsi | 2012 – 2013 | First elected civilian president; removed following 30 June Revolution. | Read More |
| Adly Mansour | 2013 – 2014 | Interim President; established the 2014 constitution. | Read More |
The New Republic
2014 AD – PresentUnder President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, Egypt launched "Vision 2030". This era is defined by massive infrastructure development, including new cities, road networks, and energy projects.
Presidency of Abdel Fattah El-Sisi
| Project/Event | Date | Description | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Suez Canal | 2015 | Expansion of the canal to allow two-way traffic and increase capacity. | Read More |
| New Admin Capital | 2016 – Present | A smart city to be the new administrative and financial hub. | Read More |
| National Road Network | 2014 - Present | Thousands of kilometers of new roads and bridges connecting the nation. | Read More |
| Decent Life (Hayah Karima) | 2019 – Present | National initiative to improve living standards in rural Egypt. | Read More |
| COP27 Summit | 2022 | Hosted in Sharm El-Sheikh, highlighting Egypt's global role in climate action. | Read More |
| Grand Egyptian Museum | Opening Soon | The largest archaeological museum in the world (GEM). | Read More |